淮河流域大气环流型在冬季气温预测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段雯瑜  邓伟涛 《气象与减灾研究》2014,(1):6-12

应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法,根据由1970—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐日海平面气压场计算得到的环流指数,对淮河流域的环流进行分型。分析了冬季主要环流型和气温的分布特征及两者的联系,并以环流指数和主要环流型为预测因子,结合经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法和逐步回归方法,建立了淮河流域冬季气温距平的预测模型。结果表明,淮河流域冬季的主要环流型是东北风型、东风型、反气旋环流型以及东北风、东风配合下的反气旋性环流型,划分的环流型符合实际情况,这些环流型具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。通过对预测模型进行后报试验和独立预报试验,表明该模型具有一定的预报技巧。  相似文献   

江淮流域夏季降水的准两年振荡特征及其关联因子分析          下载免费PDF全文

张璟  智协飞  缪锴  罗晓蔚 《大气科学学报》2014,37(5):541-547

利用1951—2010年我国江淮流域11个测站夏季(6—8月)降水资料和NCAR提供的北半球月平均海平面气压场资料以及相关的西太平洋副高指数资料,采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换及相关分析等方法讨论了降水准两年振荡现象的年际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风、副高的关系。结果表明,准两年振荡分量在江淮地区夏季降水场的年际振荡中十分重要,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程;同时降水与夏季风强度及副高脊线位置的准两年变化均存在较好的同期相关,彼此间的相互影响还体现在年际尺度上,并分别在4 a和1 a时间尺度上有明显的滞后、超前关系。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Dongying Formation in the BZ3-1 block of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The Bohai Bay Basin is a classic non-marine rift basin in eastern China. The Paleogene Dongying sequences are the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the basin. Using three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data and one well control in the BZ3-1 Block in the western slope of the Bozhong Sag, we analyzed 3-D facies architectures of the Dongying sequences. The Dongying Formation, a second-order sequence, can be subdivided into four third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, and SQ4). The facies architecture was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data. Sediment of the Dongying sequences was derived from the northern Shijiutuo Uplift via four major configurations of incised valleys, namely “V”, “U”, “W”, and composite shaped incised valleys. Seismic stratal slices reveal branching and converging characteristics of the channels from upstream to downstream. On the basis of an integrated analysis of well log, core data, seismic facies based on multi-seismic attributes, three sedimentary facies (e.g., “delta”, “fan-delta”, and “shore” or “shallow lacustrine” facies) have been recognized. The four types of incised valleys and their evolution control the sedimentary systems in the sedimentation area. The numbers and sizes of the fans are controlled by the sedimentary systems at various scales. Incised valley-fill and deltaic sand bodies are excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs and potentially good exploration targets for the study area. The reservoir quality of sequences SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 become better gradually from base to top. The proposed sediment dispersal patterns may aid in the prediction of potential reservoir distribution. This study also demonstrates that facies architecture analysis using sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology may serve as an effective approach for constructing 3D facies models for petroleum exploration in areas lacking of well or outcrop data.  相似文献   

机载激光测深技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

翟国君  王克平  刘玉红 《海洋测绘》2014,(2):72-75

首先基于海水的光学特性介绍了机载激光测深原理,然后根据国内外的研究现状介绍了机载激光测深系统的性能指标和系统构成,最后介绍了在海底地形测量、障碍物探测、近岸海洋工程建设等方面的应用。为从事机载激光测深系统研发和应用的技术人员提供相关原理和背景参考。  相似文献   

Terrestrial surface-area increment: the effects of topography,DEM resolution,and algorithm     

Ling-Xiao Ying  Shi-Long Piao  Yu Liu  George P. Malanson 《自然地理学》2014,35(4):297-312

The area increment of land surface compared with its projected area is an effect of topographic relief and is also a source of environmental variations. To examine the effects of topography and data resolution on surface area calculation, we calculated incremental area coefficients (IACs), based on two different algorithms, for a DEM of China at a series of spatial resolutions. Sampling the DEM with a regional network of 50?km?×?50?km cell size, we explored the relationships among the two IACs and topographic features. Both IACs studied were exponential functions of resolution. At 30-m resolution, the IACs were 4.31 and 4.89% over China, respectively. The largest increment for a 50?km?×?50?km cell was >45%. Between the IACs there was a linear relationship that varied with DEM resolution. Hierarchical variation partitioning revealed that the factors included contributed in a very similar percentage composition to the two IACs, mean slope (37.5 or 38.7%) and standard deviation of slope (22.3 or 19.6%) at local scale dominated the area increment, followed by regional elevation range. Data resolution contributed about 10%, while the deviation of slope exposure only had minimal (1.4 or 1.7%) impact on surface-area increment. For a specific type of geomorphology, a threshold resolution of DEM can be determined, below which the surface-area increment (i.e., IAC) is negligible. Our results provided the first comprehensive estimate of the contributions of the topographic features, DEM resolution, and algorithms for the surface-area increment, and indicated the scale-related properties and potential environmental consequences of topographic heterogeneity in various estimates of natural resources and ecosystem functions when area needs to be taken into account.  相似文献   

Warm‐temperate,marine, carbonate sedimentation in an Early Miocene,tide‐influenced,incised valley; Provence,south‐east France     

Noel P. James  Margaret J. Seibel  Robert W. Dalrymple  David Besson  Olivier Parize 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):497-534

The Saumane‐Venasque compound palaeovalley succession accumulated in a strongly tide‐influenced embayment or estuary. Warm‐temperate normal marine to brackish conditions led to deposition of extensive cross‐bedded biofragmental calcarenites. Echinoids, bryozoans, coralline algae, barnacles and benthic foraminifera were produced in seagrass meadows, on rocky substrates colonized by macroalgae and within subaqueous dune fields. There are two sequences, S1 and S2, the first of which contains three high‐frequency sequences (S1a, S1b and S1c). Sequence 1 is largely confined to the palaeovalley with its upper part covering interfluves. Each of these has a similar upward succession of deposits that includes: (i) a basal erosional surface that is bored and glauconitized; (ii) a discontinuous lagoonal lime mudstone or wackestone; (iii) a thin conglomerate generated by tidal ravinement; (iv) a transgressive systems tract series of cross‐bedded calcarenites; (v) a maximum flooding interval of argillaceous, muddy quartzose, open‐marine limestones; and (vi) a thin highstand systems tract of fine‐grained calcarenite. Tidal currents during stages S1a, S1b and S1c were accentuated by the constricted valley topography, whereas basin‐scale factors enhanced tidal currents during the deposition of S2. The upper part of the succession in all but S1c has been removed by later erosion. There is an overall upward temporal change with quartz, barnacles, encrusting corallines and epifaunal echinoids decreasing but bryozoans, articulated corallines and infaunal echinoids increasing. This trend is interpreted to be the result of changing oceanographic conditions as the valley was filled, bathymetric relief was reduced, rocky substrates were replaced as carbonate factories by seagrass meadows and subaqueous dunes, and the setting became progressively less confined and more open marine. These limestones are characteristic of a suite of similar cool‐water calcareous sand bodies in environments with little siliciclastic or fresh water input during times of high‐amplitude sea‐level change wherein complex inboard antecedent topography was flooded by a rising ocean.  相似文献   

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China     

A‐Juan Pang  Sheng‐Rong Li  M. Santosh  Qing‐Yu Yang  Bao‐Jian Jia  Cheng‐Dong Yang 《Geological Journal》2014,49(1):52-68

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用合成孔径雷达图像反演浅海水下地形的一种方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张巍  金亚秋  沈一帆 《海洋学报》2000,22(6):40-46

海流与海底地形的相互作用导致了海表面的粗糙起伏,从而引起对海面观测的雷达散射截面的变化。在浅海海流速度垂直分布廓线为均匀的假定下,由流体连续性方程和驰豫时间近似下流体力学弱相互作用的理论,已证明雷达散射截面的空间变化正比于海流方向上海流速度变化的梯度。研究了合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海面的观测图像在无槽道信息和海流方向预知条件下,提出用散射系数的二维相关函数确定海流方向。在海流速度和方向已知条件下,推导了由雷达散射截面的空间变化迭推反演浅海水下地形的公式,并研究了航天飞机SIR-CSAR在我香港特区海域的二维图像反演浅海水下地形的应用。  相似文献   

An inverse method for underwater bottom topography by using SAR imagery   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Jin Yaqiu  Zhang Wei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,19(4):53-62

I~IOXThe image technology of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of most important advances in spaceberne microwave remote sensing (Larson et al., 1976). It has extensive application in the ocean remote sensing, such as inversion of the sea subdue winds and currentS, reconstruction of underwater hatom topography and so on. Owing tO the high conductivity of sea water, an electromagnetic wave actually cannot penetrate into the sea water, with extremely smallPenetration depth (abbot 1 c…  相似文献   

地形与流对水平无旋浅水波的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙明光  高虎山 《海洋工程》2000,18(2):62-67

本文在水平无旋及Boussinesq假设之下,导出了水面变化与水平速度场耦合方程组,以及相应的压力与垂向速度解析表示式。通过数值方法求得水面变化及某一特定水深的水平速度分布之后,压力分布及其余水深的速度分布即可由简单计算得到。由色散关系式可知,不同水深的长波色散关系在O(ε)近似之下是等同的。粘性的存在会使波高随时间的增加而衰减,但粘性与底斜率的耦合又可能使波高增长,形成不稳定;计算及分析说明,当同向流增大时,波速增大,波长增大,波高会增加;而水深减少,使波速减少,波长缩短,振幅增加。  相似文献